ACTS 5:27-32

THE BACKGROUND

In the previous chapter, chapter 4, Peter and John were put in jail for preaching the Good News.  The next morning, they were called before the council, and told to quit their preaching.  Peter refused, and they continue their healing and preaching.  This landed them in jail again, in Acts 5:18.  But during the night, an angel released them, and they went back to the temple to preach.  The next day, the council went to get them, and found that they’d escaped!  After some searching, they found them at the temple, and presented them to the council. 

THE DETAIL

• They’re brought before the high priest, who reminds them that he gave them strict orders not to teach in Jesus’ name or to bring his blood on the council.  (vv. 27-28)
• Peter makes it clear who he answers to—“God, rather than any human authority”.  This is a statement of treason in the Roman Empire.  These are also bold words coming from a man who denied Jesus three times before the cock crowed.  What has changed?  The Holy Spirit now dwells in Peter.  (v. 29)
• Peter is bold enough to remind the council of their implication of Jesus’ crucifixion.  (c. 30)
• Verse 31 is interesting in that not only does Peter tell them that Jesus is now at God’s right hand, but that the council could still receive forgiveness of their sins, if they would repent.  They will not repent, of course.  (v. 31)
• He concludes by stating that they are eyewitnesses to all of this.  They must obey God by doing what they are doing, through the strength they receive from the Holy Spirit.  (v. 32)

THE TAKEAWAY

We, too, have the power of the Holy Spirit within us. We can have the boldness of Peter, to speak up in front of our adversaries.  We have the Spirit to help us, when we preach and teach in His name.

FOOD FOR THOUGHT

How is the Holy Spirit at work in your life?
 

REVELATION 1:4-8

THE BACKGROUND

There are two ways of reading the book of Revelation. One is to read it as a code book which predicts the end times.  The other is to read it as a letter from an imprisoned church leader to his flock, to encourage them to keep the faith.  This second way is how I read this book.  Let me show you why.

John was in prison on the island of Patmos.  Patmos was a sort of Alcatraz for the Romans; it’s where they sent criminals who were enemies of the state.  We do not know the charges that were levied against John.  But it is clear that he felt that Jesus was the king of all, including Caesar.  That alone would have been enough.

He was a loving pastor of his churches.  These churches were under pressure from the Roman emperor Domitian to worship Caesar and go with the Roman flow.  Domitian was the worst of all the Caesars for persecution to Christians.  John, according to the first verse of our passage, was writing to these churches. He was not interested in providing you and me with a code book, so we could figure out the end of the story 2,000 years later.  His churches were in trouble, and he was writing to them to encourage them to 1) remain strong in their faith, 2) be patient and endure the current hardships.   He did this by showing them the big picture; that God would win in the end.  In order to get this message out of prison and past the Romans, he wrote it in an ancient literary style we call Apocalyptic literature.  This made no sense to the Romans, but it made perfect sense to John’s readers. Unfortunately, much of the imagery is also lost on us.  But the message John sent to them is just as important to us.  Let’s take a look.

THE DETAIL

• Verse four is jam-packed with “stuff”, so we need to break it down.
  • First, John names himself as the sender and who this letter is for—the seven churches in Asia (present-day Turkey).
  • Next, John sends them greetings from God (that is the one “who is and was and is to come”).
  • These greetings also flow from the seven spirits that are before the throne in heaven. (In the verses that follow, these seven spirits are identified as the seven churches in Asia.) 
• In verse five the greeting also comes from Jesus. Notably in this verse, Jesus is given three titles:
  • The faithful witness—a reminder that we should all be faithful witnesses. 
  • The firstborn of the dead—a reminder that we shall live forever.
  • The ruler of [all] the kings of the earth [including Caesar]—a reminder that Jesus is the Lord, and not some Roman emperor.
• Verses five (b) and six continue by reminding us that:
  • Jesus loves us.
  • Jesus freed us from our sins by his blood.
  • Jesus made us [all] to be a kingdom of priests serving God the Father.
• Verse six ends in a little impromptu praise to God for all of the above.
• Next is a reminder that Jesus is coming back, and everybody will get to see him. Even those who crucified will see him. The whole earth will wail, presumably because Jesus is coming to judge them all.  (v. 7)
• God Himself concludes this passage by stating that He is the Alpha and the Omega, the beginning and the end.  If I were to paraphrase this verse, I’d translate it as “I started this creation, and I’m going to finish it.  I was here at the beginning, and I’m seeing it through to the end.”  (v. 8)

THE TAKEAWAY

John makes it clear from the start of this book that God is the one who is in control.  We are his servants, and should follow in Jesus’ footsteps.  We have been saved forever by Jesus’ blood.  We should be faithfully obedient, serving Him as a kingdom of priests, or a “nation of ministers”.  

JOHN 20:19-31

THE BACKGROUND

These are the closing lines of the Gospel of John, his conclusion to the gospel story.

THE DETAIL

• This is Jesus’ first appearance to all the apostles, after his resurrection.  Well, except for Judas and Thomas, that is.  Somehow, Jesus infiltrates the room, in spite of the locked doors.  Yet, he is not a ghost, because the apostles are able to touch his wounds.  What an interesting event!  (vv. 19-20)
• Next, he tells them that they must continue the work that he had started.  He then breathes the Holy Spirit on them, to give them the power they need for the task. (vv. 21-22)
• He further explains that they have the authority to forgive or withhold forgiveness of sins.  (v. 23)
• Now we hear that Thomas was not present. When Thomas returns, he doesn’t believe that Jesus was there.  He has to see for himself.  (v. 25)
• Jesus appears the following week, and Thomas is there.  Jesus does not scold Thomas for being skeptical.  Instead, he is patient and understanding.  “Put your finger here… Do not doubt, but believe.”  Thomas doesn’t even need to touch Jesus, he believes on the spot.  (vv. 26-28)
• What Jesus says next is more for us for Thomas. “Blessed are those who have not seen and yet have come to believe.”  (v. 29)
• In verses 30 & 31, John explains why he wrote this all down.  It wasn’t so that we would have a complete biography of Jesus’ life.  He wrote down just enough for us to believe that Jesus is the Messiah, the son of God…” 

THE TAKEAWAY

Let’s look at Jesus’ reaction to Thomas’ behavior. Long before this, Jesus told them all that was going to happen.  That he was going to die and be risen from the dead.  Yet, Thomas doesn’t believe.  Jesus had every right to be angry with Thomas.  Instead, he has patience and understanding.  In my times of doubt, I am always comforted by this. I know that my Lord understands, and loves me in spite of my moments of  doubt.

ISAIAH 43:16-21

THE BACKGROUND

This passage from Isaiah was written during Babylonian exile.  God’s people had been displaced from their homes in the Promised Land, and were living hundreds of miles away.  The outlook was hopeless.  There seemed to be no chance of ever returning home.  But then, God spoke these words to Isaiah.

THE DETAIL

• “Thus says the Lord” is a cue from Isaiah that these words are not his, but God’s. Isaiah is merely the messenger. (v. 16a)
• God reminds His people of a former time.  It was another hopeless time, when the Israelites were Pharaoh’s slaves in Egypt. Conventional thinking would place the Israelites there forever.  But God rescued his people, exterminating the Egyptian army in the process.  (vv. 16b-17)
• As soon as God recalls this saving act, He tells them to forget about it.  Why? Because He’s going to do it again!  He says “What’s the matter?  Can’t you see it happening before your eyes?”  (vv. 18-19)
• And God will provide water for the journey, just like He did on the journey from Egypt. He is so worthy of praise that even the wild animals honor him!  (v. 20)
• Why is He doing this?  Because He loves His own, so that they might praise him.  (v. 21)

THE TAKEAWAY

God is capable of doing the impossible.  He reminded those hopeless souls in Babylon that he loves them, and will save them.  He reminds you and me of this still today. 

FOOD FOR THOUGHT

When our lives seem hopeless, we need to remember that God is in control.  We need to keep the faith—God’s got this!

PHILIPPIANS 3:4b-14

THE BACKGROUND

The church in Caesarea Philippi had been established by Paul. As with most of the early churches, the members of this church were either Jews who had accepted Jesus as the Messiah or pagan Greeks who had converted to Christianity.   Later on, after Paul left, the Jewish Christians insisted that the Gentile Christians must be circumcised in accordance with Old Testament law.  Paul addresses this question in today’s passage.  He talks about what is important; what is it that “saves” us.  Is it our ritual traditions or something else?   

THE DETAIL

• Paul starts out by stating that if anybody has “Jewish bragging rights”, it should be him. He makes it very clear that he is/was very Jewish.  (v. 4b) 
• He rattles of his list of qualifications for these “rights”  (vv. 5-6)
• Then, Paul states that these qualifications are worthless.  I love The Message’s translation:  “…I’m tearing up and throwing out with the trash… all the things that I thought were important are gone from my life.”  (v. 7)
• He says that compared to the value of knowing Jesus, everything else is rubbish.  (v. 8)
• How, then, do we live lives of righteousness?  Paul is saying that he no longer lives his life trying to obey the Law of Moses. Instead, he lives his life based on faith in Jesus.  He shows God’s mercy and justice through the way he lives in the world around him.  He shows God’s righteousness by living a righteous (right-acting) life.  (v. 9)
• The next verses are interesting.  Paul finds his faith journey continuous.  His faith journey is not complete once he is saved.  He is ever struggling, ever striving, ever improving in faith and hope. Verses 13b-14a are a beautiful summary of this struggle: “…forgetting what lies behind and straining forward to what lies ahead, I press on…”  (vv. 10-14) 

THE TAKEAWAY

I’ve heard people brag about their denominations.  Some brag about being Lutheran their whole lives, or being “Baptist to the bone”.  Paul is talking to them.  What truly matters is having a sincere faith; a faith that recognizes that there is no end to the improvement that we can make.  We must be like Paul, straining forward in faith to the heavenly call of God. 

FOOD FOR THOUGHT

Each denomination has unique ways of expressing their faith and ways of praising God.  Each is precious to those of that denomination. But we must remember that what is most important in our relationship with God is our faith.  All the detailed practices of our particular denomination aren’t exactly “rubbish”, as Paul calls it, but they are not as important as faith.
 

JOHN 12:1-8

THE BACKGROUND

Jesus is preparing for his entry into Jerusalem.  He stops in the nearby town of Bethany, where his dear friends Lazarus, Mary, and Martha live.  They have prepared a banquet for him.  Remember that Jesus raised Lazarus from the dead earlier in the story.

THE DETAIL

• The clock is ticking.  Jesus has less than one week to live.  What lies before him is clear.  The mention of Lazarus prepares us for the subject at hand—death.  (v. 1)
• They are going to have a nice dinner.  (v. 2)
• Mary does something astonishing.  She tenderly anoints Jesus’ feet with nard, an extremely expensive perfume.  More on nard in the takeaway.  (v. 3)
• Judas is present, and objects to the extravagance.  He claims that the money should be spent on the poor.  We know what Judas is up to.  He is greedy, and wants some of this money for himself.  (vv. 4-6)
• Jesus tells Judas to leave Mary alone, that she is preparing him for his burial. (v.  7)   
• The last verse is sometimes quoted by rich people today to justify not giving to others in need.  But Jesus’ words reflect Deuteronomy 15:11—“Since there will never cease to be some in need on the earth, I therefore command you, ‘Open your hand to the poor and needy neighbor in your land’.”  All of chapter 15 instructs God’s People on how they should care for the poor by sharing from their abundance.

THE TAKEAWAY

This entire passage foretells of Jesus’ impending death.  Lazarus looming presence is one indication.  The nard is another.  Nard is expensive oil which is made from the root of a plant that grows at high elevation in the Himalayas.  That’s a long way from Palestine, which accounts for its high cost.  In Jesus day a jar of nard cost over a year’s wages. It was used to anoint kings at their coronation and to prepare bodies for burial.  

FOOD FOR THOUGHT

Isn’t it ironic that some use Jesus’ words to justify not caring for the needy?  Yet, Jesus’ quote of Deuteronomy 15:11 indicates that he was saying the exact opposite. 

ISAIAH 43:16-21

THE BACKGROUND

This passage from Isaiah was written during Babylonian exile.  God’s people had been displaced from their homes in the Promised Land, and were living hundreds of miles away.  The outlook was hopeless.  There seemed to be no chance of ever returning home.  But then, God spoke these words to Isaiah.

THE DETAIL

• “Thus says the Lord” is a cue from Isaiah that these words are not his, but God’s. Isaiah is merely the messenger. (v. 16a)
• God reminds His people of a former time.  It was another hopeless time, when the Israelites were Pharaoh’s slaves in Egypt. Conventional thinking would place the Israelites there forever.  But God rescued his people, exterminating the Egyptian army in the process.  (vv. 16b-17)
• As soon as God recalls this saving act, He tells them to forget about it.  Why? Because He’s going to do it again!  He says “What’s the matter?  Can’t you see it happening before your eyes?”  (vv. 18-19)
• And God will provide water for the journey, just like He did on the journey from Egypt. He is so worthy of praise that even the wild animals honor him!  (v. 20)
• Why is He doing this?  Because He loves His own, so that they might praise him.  (v. 21)

THE TAKEAWAY

God is capable of doing the impossible.  He reminded those hopeless souls in Babylon that he loves them, and will save them.  He reminds you and me of this still today. 

FOOD FOR THOUGHT

When our lives seem hopeless, we need to remember that God is in control.  We need to keep the faith—God’s got this!

PHILIPPIANS 3:4b-14

THE BACKGROUND

The church in Caesarea Philippi had been established by Paul. As with most of the early churches, the members of this church were either Jews who had accepted Jesus as the Messiah or pagan Greeks who had converted to Christianity.   Later on, after Paul left, the Jewish Christians insisted that the Gentile Christians must be circumcised in accordance with Old Testament law.  Paul addresses this question in today’s passage.  He talks about what is important; what is it that “saves” us.  Is it our ritual traditions or something else?   

THE DETAIL

• Paul starts out by stating that if anybody has “Jewish bragging rights”, it should be him. He makes it very clear that he is/was very Jewish.  (v. 4b) 
• He rattles of his list of qualifications for these “rights”  (vv. 5-6)
• Then, Paul states that these qualifications are worthless.  I love The Message’s translation:  “…I’m tearing up and throwing out with the trash… all the things that I thought were important are gone from my life.”  (v. 7)
• He says that compared to the value of knowing Jesus, everything else is rubbish.  (v. 8)
• How, then, do we live lives of righteousness?  Paul is saying that he no longer lives his life trying to obey the Law of Moses. Instead, he lives his life based on faith in Jesus.  He shows God’s mercy and justice through the way he lives in the world around him.  He shows God’s righteousness by living a righteous (right-acting) life.  (v. 9)
• The next verses are interesting.  Paul finds his faith journey continuous.  His faith journey is not complete once he is saved.  He is ever struggling, ever striving, ever improving in faith and hope. Verses 13b-14a are a beautiful summary of this struggle: “…forgetting what lies behind and straining forward to what lies ahead, I press on…”  (vv. 10-14) 

THE TAKEAWAY

I’ve heard people brag about their denominations.  Some brag about being Lutheran their whole lives, or being “Baptist to the bone”.  Paul is talking to them.  What truly matters is having a sincere faith; a faith that recognizes that there is no end to the improvement that we can make.  We must be like Paul, straining forward in faith to the heavenly call of God. 

FOOD FOR THOUGHT

Each denomination has unique ways of expressing their faith and ways of praising God.  Each is precious to those of that denomination. But we must remember that what is most important in our relationship with God is our faith.  All the detailed practices of our particular denomination aren’t exactly “rubbish”, as Paul calls it, but they are not as important as faith.
 

JOHN 12:1-8

THE BACKGROUND

Jesus is preparing for his entry into Jerusalem.  He stops in the nearby town of Bethany, where his dear friends Lazarus, Mary, and Martha live.  They have prepared a banquet for him.  Remember that Jesus raised Lazarus from the dead earlier in the story.

THE DETAIL

• The clock is ticking.  Jesus has less than one week to live.  What lies before him is clear.  The mention of Lazarus prepares us for the subject at hand—death.  (v. 1)
• They are going to have a nice dinner.  (v. 2)
• Mary does something astonishing.  She tenderly anoints Jesus’ feet with nard, an extremely expensive perfume.  More on nard in the takeaway.  (v. 3)
• Judas is present, and objects to the extravagance.  He claims that the money should be spent on the poor.  We know what Judas is up to.  He is greedy, and wants some of this money for himself.  (vv. 4-6)
• Jesus tells Judas to leave Mary alone, that she is preparing him for his burial. (v.  7)   
• The last verse is sometimes quoted by rich people today to justify not giving to others in need.  But Jesus’ words reflect Deuteronomy 15:11—“Since there will never cease to be some in need on the earth, I therefore command you, ‘Open your hand to the poor and needy neighbor in your land’.”  All of chapter 15 instructs God’s People on how they should care for the poor by sharing from their abundance.

THE TAKEAWAY

This entire passage foretells of Jesus’ impending death.  Lazarus looming presence is one indication.  The nard is another.  Nard is expensive oil which is made from the root of a plant that grows at high elevation in the Himalayas.  That’s a long way from Palestine, which accounts for its high cost.  In Jesus day a jar of nard cost over a year’s wages. It was used to anoint kings at their coronation and to prepare bodies for burial.  

FOOD FOR THOUGHT

Isn’t it ironic that some use Jesus’ words to justify not caring for the needy?  Yet, Jesus’ quote of Deuteronomy 15:11 indicates that he was saying the exact opposite. 

JOSHUA 5:9-12

THE BACKGROUND

Moses led God’s people out of Egypt, across the desert wilderness, and to the Promised Land. But Moses did not cross the Jordan. He died in Moab near Mt. Pisgah, and was buried in a valley there.  Joshua was commissioned by God to take Moses’ place.  Although he was Moses’ successor, Joshua’s task was different.  Joshua was in charge of the conquest of Canaan, to claim the Promised Land for God’s chosen.  He sent spies to check out Jericho, the first city the planned to conquer. Then, they crossed the Jordan, officially entering the Promised Land, and set up camp.  The Israelite men, all of whom had been born along the journey, had not yet been circumcised.  This was a Jewish tradition since it was established by God during Abraham’s time. So the men were circumcised.  (This is from verses 2-8, which come before our reading.)

THE DETAIL

• With the renewing of the covenant through circumcision, God makes a proclamation that He has removed (“rolled away”) the disgrace of their slavery in Egypt.  God, with Moses’ leadership, has delivered his people to the Promised Land.  Gilgal means “rolled” in Hebrew.  (v. 9)
• They then celebrated the Passover, using the produce of the land they have just entered.  (vv. 10-11)
• Since they were now “home”, and eating food from the Promised Land, the manna stopped coming. They no longer had need of it. (v. 12)

THE TAKEAWAY

The Israelites’ wandering in the wilderness has always been considered by them to be the honeymoon period in their relationship with God.  He rescued them from slavery, and provided for their needs every day along the way.  God continues to care for us, His people.  He feeds us along our life-journey, and guides us along the pathway of our lives. All he asks in return is for our love.
 

2 CORINTHIANS 5:16-21

THE BACKGROUND

After Paul’s traditional opening lines, and mentioning a few details in chapters one and two, Paul lays out several chapters of rich thought on our lives as Christians. 

THE DETAIL

• This passage starts out by stating that “from now on” (now that we believe in Jesus), we must no longer look at life and at Jesus from a human point of view.  Paul’s going to tell us about the new perspective in verses 18-21.  (v. 16)
• We get this new perspective, because once we are “in Christ”, we become a new creation. Jesus’ presence in our lives changes everything.  (v. 17)
• The first words of this verse are key, so I will make them bold:  “All this is from God”…  What we’re about to study in great detail are God’s loving actions on us.  There is no mention of what we have done to earn this, because it is all a one-way gift. It is all from God.  (v. 18a)
• The key word in the next verse and a half is reconciliation.  This word is mentioned four times in that short space!  I’ll explain that word in the takeaway below.  But the point here is that God the Father reconciled us to Himself using the gift of His son Jesus on the cross.  (vv. 18b-19)
• Paul states that he is God’s ambassador, and urges us to become reconciled to God.  (There is that word again!)  (v. 20)
• The final verse is a little convoluted.  It is difficult to understand, if you haven’t heard it before.  Allow me to paraphrase. 
  • For our sake (God did this for us!)
  • God had Jesus (“who knew no sin”) bear our sins (“He made him be sin”)
  • God did this for us so that we might be free of the burden of our sins, so that we can focus on doing those things that God wants us to do (“we might become the righteousness of God”)

THE TAKEAWAY

Reconciliation is a gigantic word, but I think you’ll quickly realize that you already know the meaning. If you have ever had a checking account, you know that you write checks and get bank statements.  Sometimes people haven’t cashed check that you’ve written when you receive your bank statement.  Other times, if you’re recording your checks and watching your balance, you might make an error in your arithmetic.  Either way, the bank statement rarely matches what you think is still in your checking account.  You go through a process of reconciling the bank statement.  You try to understand and justify the difference between their balance and what you think your balance is.

God has expectations of our behavior, but we rarely measure up to them.  Even though those expectations are achievable by us, we always seem to fall short.  How can we ever reconcile this shortfall between God’s expectations and our actions? 

WE CAN’T!!!

But the good news in today’s reading is that God has done it for us.  By the gift of His son on the cross, our sins are forgiven.  Our “account” is reconciled—not through our own actions, but solely by what God has done.

FOOD FOR THOUGHT

Verse 20 urges us to “be reconciled to God”.  How can we do something that God has already done?  We simply believe in Jesus, putting all our sins at the foot of his cross. Then, we strive to “become the righteousness of God” not to earn forgiveness, but to show our gratitude for what God has already done for us.
 

LUKE 15:1-3, 11b-32

THE BACKGROUND

This week’s Gospel lesson is one of Jesus’ most famous parables.  I learned long ago that all of Jesus’ parables were taught to prove one point. When we read a parable from Jesus, we should look for only one point.  Anything more is just a bunch of hot air.  That said, this extra-long parable may actually contain two points!  

THE DETAIL, Part One

• The first paragraph explains the motivation for Jesus’ telling of this parable.  The pious Pharisees and scribes (role models of faith to all around them) are criticizing Jesus for rubbing elbows with riff-raff, rather that hob-knobbing with the religious and social elite.  (vv. 1-3)
• The story goes that the younger of two sons asks his father for his share of his inheritance. The father complies, and the son promptly goes off and squanders it.  (vv. 11b-14)
• The son hires himself out to a farmer.  The farmer sends the son out to feed the pigs.  Pigs are unclean animals to a Jew, so this is about as low as this man could go. (v. 15)
• The wayward son comes to his senses, and decides to go home.  He is hoping to find better employment working for his father.  (vv. 16-20)
• Dad is sitting on the porch. (OK, it doesn’t really say this, but that’s how I picture the scene.) In the distance, he sees his younger son walking back home.  He is so overjoyed at the son’s repentance, he runs to greet him.  The father is thrilled.  He calls for a joyous celebration.  (vv. 21-24)

THE DETAIL, Part Two

• Enter, the elder son. He comes in from the field, hears the music and dancing.  He probably caught a whiff or two of the calf being grilled, too.  “What’s going on”, he asks?  He is told that the party is for his brother, who has returned home. He is not happy about this, and refuses to go in and celebrate.  (vv. 25-28a)
• The elder son points out all those years of faithful service, and the father never threw a party for him.  Yet, “this son of yours” comes home and gets the fatted calf, a ring, music, and a big party.  The elder son obviously has a bad attitude!  (vv. 28b-30)
• The father’s next words explain everything.  “But we had to celebrate…  This brother of yours... was lost and has been found.”   (vv. 31-32)

THE TAKEAWAY

Given the situation explained in verses 1-3, Jesus’ telling of this parable is to challenge the attitude of the Pharisees and scribes about Jesus’ actions.  He compares their attitude to that of the elder son. His point is clear:  Those of us who have been working for our Lord for many years should rejoice at the repentance of those who have fallen away. 

But the joy and forgiveness of the father in Part One is remarkable.  If there is a second point to this parable, it would be to show us the love and delight that God has for those who return to him.  If God is this happy over one who “was lost and has been found”, then so should we.  The past is forgiven!  Let’s celebrate!

FOOD FOR THOUGHT

What would happen at your church if a shaggy homeless person turned up on Sunday?  Do you think most would behave like the father in this parable or the elder son?

ISAIAH 55:1-9

BACKGROUND

This section of the book of Isaiah was written during Babylonian exile.  The people of God were feeling abandoned by God.  They questioned his power, and maybe even his existence.  They were tempted to worship the gods of their captors.  After all, they thought, the Babylonians won, and they lost.  Many thought that maybe the Babylonian god was more powerful.  Who knows?

DETAIL                                                

• The opening word is “Ho”, which I understand to be a call to listen to what is going to be said.  Maybe it is like our “hey!” or “listen up”.
• The beginning of verse 2 gets to the heart of the problem.  The people have directed their attention elsewhere.  They no longer put their trust in the Lord God Yahweh.
• Verses 1-3 are an interesting invitation.  God is hosting a banquet, and it is free!  This banquet idea is a metaphor for our relationship with God.  This is his way of saying “Come to me.  Forget about those other ‘gods’.  Worship me.”  The words are sweet.  I especially love verse 3:  “Incline your ear, and come to me; listen, so that you may live.”  Can you feel how strongly our God wants to be in relationship with us?
• Verse 4 reminds Israel that their king (not that Babylonian king) will be a “leader and a commander for the peoples”. 
• Verse 5 proudly claims that a time is coming when nations and peoples will come to you, not you to them.  Your kingdom will be restored to its former glory. 
• Verse 6 is an invitation to return to the Lord, while we still have the opportunity.
• Verse 7 is a reminder that our God is merciful and forgiving.
• To me, verses 8 & 9 call to mind Jesus’ Sermon on the Mount.  In that sermon, he tells us God sees things differently—the meek, poor in spirit, and those who mourn are blessed, rather than the rich, the powerful, and those living life with gusto.  The “higher” thoughts are those that care for the disadvantaged.

THE TAKEAWAY

God still yearns for us to be in a relationship with Him.  But we still “spend our money… and labor for that which does not satisfy.”  It’s not like there’s an admission price.  God’s grace is a free gift; there for the taking. 

FOOD FOR THOUGHT

Lent is a good time to re-evaluate where we focus our energy and direct our attention.  Where does God fit into our lives?  How is our relationship with Him?  How can this relationship be strengthened?

1 CORINTHIANS 10:1-13

THE BACKGROUND

Paul wrote this letter to the church in Corinth because they were experiencing numerous problems.  Paul had taught them sound Christian principles.  But after he left, things started going haywire.  These problems needed to be addressed. 

One of these problems was that they misunderstood one of Paul’s teachings.  Paul taught that with the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus, we are no longer in bondage to sin; we are free from the Law of Moses to live our lives in the Spirit. Some in this Corinthian church took this as permission to embrace an “anything goes” lifestyle.  In today’s passage, Paul teaches that responsibilities and consequences are still part of a Christian life.  But I’m getting ahead of myself.

THE DETAIL

• In the first paragraph, Paul reminds the reader that all their ancestors came with Moses from Egypt, and all experienced the same things.  Then, he throws in the clincher—God was not pleased with most of them, and many of them died [as a result].  We get details in the next paragraph.  (vv. 1-5)
• He next prefaces the detail with the intent—that all this happened for our benefit. It was a sort of warning-lesson, so that we don’t do what they did.  (v. 6)
• He refers to Exodus 32:1-25, when he speaks of idolatry in verse 7.
• And he’s talking about Numbers 25:1-9, when he talks of sexual immorality.  (v. 8)
• And even though he talks of putting “Christ” to the test, he means Jesus-God.  The reference story here is Numbers 21:4-9. (v. 9)
• Finally, complaining is about the story told in Numbers 16:41-50.  (v. 10)
• He reiterates his earlier thought that these stories were given to us to instruct us. “Don’t be like this!” he seems to say. We shouldn’t be arrogant about our spiritual freedom, lest we fall.  (vv. 11-12)
• Next, is the oft-quoted verse that God doesn’t test us beyond what we can handle. Or, at least that’s how we often understand this.  We often forget the second part of that verse—he will provide a way out.  More on that below.  (v. 13) 

THE TAKEAWAY

Jesus made it very clear that the Law of Love far outweighs strict compliance to the Law of Moses.  But these rules govern our living, including (most of) the laws of Moses.  They provide us with a framework for righteous living. Are we allowed to mow our lawns on Sunday?  Of course we are, even though the Law of Moses forbids it.  But we are also expected to honor the intent of the law, and set aside a day for rest and spiritual rejuvenation.  If we don’t comply with those laws, should we expect to be immediately struck down, like those in those Old Testament stories?  Thankfully not!  But these stores are there to guide us in the way that God would like us to live our lives.

If I were the victim of a hate crime, spousal abuse, or drug addiction, I would have a lot of difficulty swallowing the first part of verse 13.  It says that God would not have allowed me to be a victim, if He didn’t think I couldn’t handle it in the first place.  Fortunately, the second sentence helps to clear the air—part of the “way out” is the loving support of friends and family, shelters for the abused, rehab centers for addiction, and (hopefully) justice for the perpetrators. 

In the gospel lesson, Jesus provides another perspective on this topic.

LUKE 13:1-9

THE BACKGROUND

Jesus has been on a roll.  He has been preaching, teaching, and healing.  In this last chapter especially, he focuses on keeping our priorities straight, and making sure that our actions are God-oriented.

THE DETAIL

• While Jesus is teaching, he is reminded him about some people from his home area that were slaughtered by Herod while they were making a spiritual sacrifice to God. Worse yet, Herod’s people co-mingled their blood with the sacrificial blood, which desecrated their sacrifice and death.  This was, of course, an atrocity.  Perhaps the people reporting this to Jesus were suggesting that these Galileans might have deserved this fate; that they were sinful, and were being punished by God.  Jesus’ response is that those Galileans weren’t any worse sinners than anybody, including the ones who reported it to Jesus. He told them to repent, because the same could happen to them. (vv. 1-3)
• Next, Jesus brings up another incident to make the same point.  “Remember when that tower in Siloam fell, and crushed 18 people? They weren’t worse sinners than you, so you’d better repent!”  (vv. 4-5)
• Jesus then follows up with a story about a fig tree that does not bear fruit.  The owner wants to cut it down, but the gardener wants to give it another year.  Will that tree be cut down next year?  Nobody knows, and that’s the point.  We should all start bearing fruit, while we have a chance!  (vv. 6-9)

THE TAKEAWAY

Jesus makes it clear that not all disasters are the Hand of God in action—some things just happen. The main thing is that we have a good relationship with God.  That’s what Jesus means when he tells us to repent.  If we have a strong relationship with God, we will have the strength to endure these hardships.

In all cases, Jesus points to the sinfulness of everyone around him.  He reminds them that they are all sinners, and all need to repent. We, too, are all sinners.  Especially during this time of Lent, we need to remind ourselves of this.  We should examine our lives, and make a new beginning—we must repent!

This is an excerpt from Pastor’s sermon last Sunday.  It is so beautiful, I just had to share it with you. 

 Gregory of Nazianzus, in 381 A.D. was asked, “Who is Jesus?” He answered with these words:

He began His ministry by being hungry, yet He is the Bread of Life.

Jesus ended His earthly ministry by being thirsty, yet He is the Living Water.

Jesus was weary, yet he said, “Come and I will give you rest.”

Jesus was accused of having a demon, yet He cast out demons.

Jesus wept, yet He wipes away our tears.

Jesus was sold for thirty pieces of silver, yet He redeemed the world.

Jesus was brought as a lamb to the slaughter, yet He is the Good Shepherd.

Jesus died, yet by His death He destroyed the power of death.

DEUTERONOMY 26:1-11

THE BACKGROUND

The entire book of Deuteronomy is given as Moses’ final address to God’s people the Israelites. They are about to enter the Promised Land, and he will stay behind.  The final chapter of the book gives the details of his final days and his successor. This book has a little history in the first two chapters.  But it is mainly a book of law and of instruction.  Today’s passage is a series of instructions for the people on how to prepare a thank-offering at harvest time.

THE DETAIL

• Remember that Moses is not going into the Promised Land with the people.  So, he’s telling them what to do, once they are settled in the land. (v. 1)
• Once they have harvested their crops, the Lord instructs the people to bring the first pick of the harvest to Him as an offering.  They are to bring it to His house, give it to the priest, and declare it to be their offering.  (vv. 2-4)
• They are to recite these sentences, which recall their slavery, and God’s act of saving grace. (vv. 5-10a)
• Then, once the offering has been placed on the altar and the speech spoken, it is party time! The person presenting the offering is to host a harvest celebration, inviting the clergy (Levites) and everybody including the foreigners in their midst (aliens).  ( vv. 10b-11)

THE TAKEAWAY

Remember how sweet those first peaches and strawberries are, each year?  These are the first-fruits of the harvest.  The Lord tells Moses to have the people to bring these first-fruits to Him as a thank-offering for all the blessings that He has provided them. 

Verses 5-10a are a sort of creed.  It is a statement recalling the history and suffering of the Israelites.  It also recognizes God as the source of their salvation and prosperity.  Perhaps we should write a similar creed, based upon our own lives.  A creed that recalls our “wanderings” and God’s saving hand. How would yours read?
 

ROMANS 10:8-13

THE BACKGROUND

In this passage, Paul is discussing salvation.  Specifically, what it is that saves us.  He’s examining scripture to find hints of the new law that is contained there.  This is the new l that is coming with the Messiah. He is compares “the Law of Moses” with other parts of Holy Scripture.  (Keep in mind that for Paul, Holy Scripture was what we call the Old Testament.)  Before our passage, in verse 5, Paul quotes Leviticus 18:5.  Moses states that if a person lives righteously, as prescribed by the Law, they shall live.  Then, Paul offers a rebuttal, by quoting three Old Testament passages.

THE DETAIL

• The first quote is from Deuteronomy 30:14.  The word is on our lips and in our hearts.  (v. 8b)
• He goes on to explain that by confessing our faith with our lips, and believing in our heart in Jesus’ resurrection, we are saved—we have life.  (vv. 9-10)
• Verse 11 is a variation of Isaiah 28:16.  We are reassured that we will not be put to shame because of our belief.
• Finally, Paul reminds us that absolutely everybody who calls upon the name of the Lord will be saved.  It doesn’t matter if you are Jew or Gentile [black or white, American or foreign, etc.], we are all the same in God’s eyes.  He quotes Joel 2:32 as Old Testament support.  (vv. 12-13)

THE TAKEAWAY

While the Law of Moses, such as the Ten Commandments, aid us in knowing God’s prescription for righteous living, it is not our means of salvation.  The only thing that can save us is to believe in Jesus as the Son of God. Our salvation is a free gift from Jesus; all we need to do to claim this gift is to have faith in him.

LUKE 4:1-13

THE BACKGROUND

In recent weeks, we have been reading the gospel of Luke, and are already up to chapter nine.  But we have been saving one story for the beginning of Lent.  Now that Ash Wednesday is behind us, we will backtrack and look at the story called The Temptation of Jesus.  Luke 3 is the story of John the Baptist.  Verses 21 & 22 are about the baptism of Jesus.  The remainder of the chapter is Jesus’ family tree. 

THE DETAIL

• Immediately following Jesus’ baptism, the Holy Spirit leads him into the desert wilderness, where he will be “tempted by the devil”.  I’ll call them “trials” here.  We’ll discuss this at length in the takeaway.  (vv. 1-2a)
• He is fasting, which indicates to me that this is partly a spiritual retreat.  Jesus will eat nothing for 40 days.  He was famished by the end of this time.  That’s when the devil shows up.  (v. 2b)
• The first trial is related to Jesus’ physical needs.  He is famished.  But he has divine power.  Remember the story of the loaves and the fishes?  Surely he can make bread to eat.  But he declines, quoting Deuteronomy 8:3b.  (vv. 3-4)
• The second trial is about the abuse of power.  Jesus has divine power.  If he wanted to, he could topple Caesar, eliminate the Roman Empire, and establish his own peaceable kingdom.  Surely, this would accomplish the will of God, wouldn’t it?  All Jesus has to do to accomplish this is abandon God’s plan, and follow this worldly plan.  Jesus quotes Deuteronomy 6:13, stating that only God [and God’s plans] must be honored. (vv. 5-8)
• Jesus’ final trial is the suggestion to test God’s protection of Jesus.  “Surely if you jumped off a high building, God would send angels to soften the impact.”  Jesus again responds by quoting scripture; in this case Deuteronomy 6:16. “Don’t put God to the test.”  The trial is over, and the devil departs… for now. (vv. 9-13)

THE TAKEAWAY

It is interesting that Luke calls the tempter “the devil” here.  Later, Judas is tempted to take the thirty silver coins it is Satan who plants the tempting seed. (Lk. 26:2-4)  They are different words.  Plus, one is capitalized, and the other is not. 

This story has always been entitled “The Temptation of Jesus”.  I have learned that the word is Greek that we’ve always translated as “tempted” is better translated as “tested”.  After his baptism, the Holy Spirit led Jesus into the wilderness to be tested.  This makes more sense than having the Holy Spirit lead Jesus to Satan, and say “Here you go, Satan, our only Son.” 

Perhaps this devil was more like the devil of Job.  In the beginning of that story, he sat with God and talked about the strength of Job’s faith.  That devil suggested that they needed to test the strength of Job’s faith.  This devil is a sort of tester.  In our Gospel lesson, the freshly baptized Jesus is led into the wilderness to be tested.  We know the hardships and suffering that Jesus is going to face. Perhaps God is having him tested, like he had Job tested.

FOOD FOR THOUGHT

Can you name a time when your faith was tested?  How did you overcome the test?  Did you use Holy Scripture or prayer?  It is comforting for me to know that even Jesus experienced times when the strength of his faith was tested.  He is like us.  He knows our temptations and struggles. 

GENESIS 15:1-12, 17-18

THE BACKGROUND

This is the story of Abram and his wife Sarai.  Later on, God will rename him Abraham and his wife Sarah.  Abram had it good, back in the land named Aram.  But the Lord called him to leave his homeland, and travel to a distant land.  God made promises to Abram (Genesis 12:1-3), and Abram obeyed the Lord.  He packed up everything, and left home.  In the previous chapter, there was a battle between some kings.  Abram gathered some of his men, and did a good deed.  Afterward, he presented an offering to Melchizedek, a priest-king.

THE DETAIL

• The “after these things” refers to the battles and offerings depicted in the previous chapter. Then, God reminds him of the promises that He made earlier (Genesis 12:1-3).  (v. 1)
• But Abram has issues. God promised him to be the father of a great nation, but he has no heir.  His wife is barren, and Abram is 80 years old.  “What gives, God???”  Furthermore, according to custom, if a successful man has no heir, his senior slave inherits his wealth.  Abram can’t stomach this, apparently.  God promised him an heir, and it looks like this slave from Damascus is going to get all his stuff.  (vv. 2-3)
• God answers that Eliezer will not be the heir; Abram’s own issue will be the heir.  He shows Abram the stars, and promises that he will have that many descendants.  Abram believes God.  (vv. 4-6)
• Next, God reminds Abram that the land he’s standing on is (or is going to be) his.  But Abram’s not sure about that.  He says “how am I to know [this]?”  (vv. 7-8)
• What happens next seems weird to us, but was a common custom of the day.  God instructs Abram to do what is called “cutting a covenant”. It goes like this:  you take some big animals, and slaughter them.  You cut them in half, and place the halves in two rows, with a pathway in between.  Then, you pass through the severed carcasses.  Sounds gross, eh?  But by doing this, you are saying that if you break the covenant, then you deserve to be cut in two like the carcasses you’ve just passed through.  It's a little like   becoming blood brothers.  (vv. 9-11)
• Then, Abram falls asleep, and has a dream.  A smoking fire pot and flaming torch (which represent God) pass through the carcasses. By doing this, God states that if he breaks this covenant promise, He deserves to die.  He will definitely keep His promise to Abram.  (vv. 12, 17-18)

THE TAKEAWAY

This story is full of Abram’s faith and God’s grace.  Abram puts his trust in God, even when the details seem impossible.  God stands firm in His promises.  He is patient and caring, when Abram expresses doubt, or presses God for a commitment.  All of this applies equally to us, in our relationship with the Lord.
 

PHILIPPIANS 3:17-4:1

THE BACKGROUND

This is an excerpt of a letter that Paul wrote to the tiny church in the city of Philippi.  Paul was writing from a prison cell.  The letter is nevertheless very upbeat, full of hope and promise. 

THE DETAIL

• Paul is offering himself up as a role model to this little church.  While that might appear to us as conceited, we must remember that he is writing from prison.  He is in jail because of his faith.  And, as we will see, this little church needs a role model.  (v. 17)
• We hear of other options for role models.  It is not a pretty sight.  Having one’s belly as their god indicates to me that they were selfish and perhaps gluttonous.  Their minds are set on “earthly things”.  These are the “enemies of Christ”.  We should not be like them!  (vv. 18-19)
• Instead, we should remember that we are citizens of heaven.  Paul does not say that we will become citizens; he says that we already are citizens of heaven.  We are expecting Jesus’ return.  Then, our humiliation will be transformed into glory.  (vv. 20-21)
• Therefore, we must stand firm in the faith, carefully selecting our role models.  (v. 4:1)

THE TAKEAWAY

These days, we are bombarded with many role models.  Some are successful sports figures, some are movie or TV stars.  We are also bombarded with commercials which show us all the good things to buy things that will buy us happiness.  It is clear to me that we must very, very careful where we put our trust and faith.  We need to carefully find a path through all this “stuff”, and find a way that is worthy of a citizen of heaven.
 

LUKE 13:31-35

THE BACKGROUND

This week, we return to the middle part of Luke.  We will be reading mostly from the gospel of Luke for the rest of the year.  At this point in the story, Jesus has been healing and teaching.  He has also begun to attract the attention of some of the high religious leaders.  The plot is beginning to thicken.

THE DETAIL

• Some Pharisees come to Jesus, and tell him that he should go away, because “Herod wants to kill you.”  Apparently, not all the Pharisees were as bad as the bible makes them out to be.  In fact, Jesus dines with them on at least one occasion.  So, maybe these were some of the good ones, looking to protect Jesus from Herod.    (v. 31)
• Jesus’ answer is interesting on two counts.  First, he calls Herod a fox.  Back then, this was not a compliment.  Foxes were considered cunning and sinister.  Then, Jesus says that he still has work to do;  he says “on the third day I will finish my work.”  I think we all know what he was really talking about when he said this!  (v. 32)
• Jesus then indicates that he knows that he must go there, and that he knows that he’ll probably be killed there.  He knows what lies ahead, and he is planning to go anyway.  (v. 33)
• In a sad lament, Jesus declares that he wishes to gather us up like a mother hen.  Instead, he knows, he’s headed for trouble.  (v. 34)
• Finally, there’s a little hint of his “Palm Sunday” entrance into Jerusalem, where the people cheer blessings and praises to him.    (v. 35)

THE TAKEAWAY

Jesus is on the road that eventually leads to Jerusalem and his death on the cross.  He will go willingly.  He will go for us.  But he still has work to do.

FOOD FOR THOUGHT

Does God still have work for you to do?